红楼梦部分词曲英译解析

发布时间:2017-03-17 00:00:00 编辑:云梦 手机版

  《红楼梦》是我国四大名著之一,其中诗词歌赋一百余首。下面是小编分享的一些诗的英译赏析,欢迎阅读!

  《红楼梦》曲(片段)

  纵然是齐眉举案,

  到底意难平。

  杨译:Even a pair thought well-matched

  May find disappointment.

  霍译:Even a wife so courteous and so kind.

  No comfort brings to my afflicted mind.

  解析:1)这句道出宝玉被骗与宝钗成婚的极大痛苦和始终不屈的反抗的心声。“齐眉举案”的意思为送饭时把托盘肖得跟眉毛一样高。后形容夫妻互相尊敬,相敬如宾。杨译为“ a pair thought well-matched”,是a pair thought to be well-matched的省略,这句话表达的是宝玉与宝钗的结合在他人眼中是金玉良缘,而非他们二人之间的感情写照,虽然未能很好体现相敬如宾的感觉,但也侧面表现了宝黛爱情悲剧的主因主要源自外界,那个封建礼教的社会。而霍译则选择从女方切入,将齐眉举案译成“a wife so courteous and so kind”,没有体现夫妻双方的互动,却体现古代女性在婚姻中的生存状态,一个恭敬和顺的妻子就够了,只不过对于心有所属的宝玉而言仍然无法接受。

  2)“意难平”展现了宝玉被骗婚后内心的挣扎与愤懑。杨译为“disappointment”,只道出失望,情感层次不免有些浅了。而霍译采用“afflicted"这一词,它表示苦恼折磨,更深层次地展现了宝玉此刻的心情。如果只是失望,则不会出现后续宝玉的出家行为。

  冯紫英唱曲

  你是个可人;你是个多情;你是个刁钻古怪鬼精灵;——你是个神仙也不灵。

  我说的话儿你全不信,只叫你去背地里细打听,才知道我疼你不疼你!

  杨译:You can bill and you can coo,

  Be an imp of mischief too,

  But a fairy? No, not you,

  As my word you doubt.

  Ask around and you’ll find out

  I love you. yes, I do!

  霍译:You’re so exciting,

  And so inviting;

  You’re my Mary Contrary;

  You’re a crazy, mad thing.

  You’re my goddess, but oh! You’re deaf to my praying:

  Why won’t you listen to what I am saying?

  If you don’t believe me, make a small investigation:

  You will soon find out the true depth of my admiration.

  解析:1)对于这段唱曲,两位译者的译文不论是风格还是遣词造句上差别较大。原文小调活泼俏皮,霍译不免有些沉闷臃肿。此外,investigation、admiration这类大字眼用在民间小调上似乎并不适合。反观杨译,弃“形”求“神”,整个译文节奏轻快,押韵得当,朗朗上口。

  2)值得注意的是,对于“刁钻古怪鬼精灵”的处理,霍译其中的“刁钻古怪鬼精灵”被霍克斯译成了“Mary Contrary”,“Mary Contrary”来自英国的一首儿歌,所谓contrary, 指她颇难相处,难按常规捉摸,在这一点上,接近原文的“刁钻古怪鬼精灵”。霍克斯采用的是用目的语中合适的喻体代替源语言中的喻体,这一翻译方法经常被用在两种语言存在文化错位或空缺的情况下。

  警幻仙姑赋(片段)

  其素若何:春梅绽雪;其洁若何:秋慧披霜。

  其静若何:松生空谷;其艳若何:霞映澄塘。

  其文若何:龙游曲沼;其神若何:月射寒江。

  杨译:Her whiteness? Spring plum-bloosom glimpsed through snow.

  Her purity? Autumn orchids coated with frost.

  Her tranquility? A pine in a lonely valley.

  Her beauty? Sunset mirrored in a limpid pool.

  Her grace? A dragon breasting a winding stream.

  Her spirit? Moonlight on a frosty river.

  霍译:Her purity I can best show

  In plum-trees flowering in the snow;

  Her chastity I shall recall

  In orchids white at first frost-fall;

  Her tranquil nature will prevail

  Constant as lone pine in an empty vale;

  Her loveliness as dazzled make

  As sunset gilding a pellucid lake;

  Her loveliness as dazzled make

  As sunset gilding a pellucid lake;

  Her glittering elegance I can compare

  With dragons in an ornamental mere;

  Her dreamy soulfulness most seems

  Like wintry waters in the moon’s cold beams.

  解析: 霍译采取排比结构,大多数诗行为“抑扬格四音步”(iambic tetrameter), 少数行为“抑扬格五音步”(iambic pentameter)。押韵格式为“双行联韵体”(couplet)。译文韵脚密集,且都是双元音或长元音,因此韵味醇厚,给人以强烈的音乐美。杨译译文十分有特色,没有押韵,大胆采取“字对字”译法,甚至都没有使用动词。一般说来,“字对字”译法是不可取的,然而此处却用得十分恰当,而且效果很好。译文富于节奏感,节奏鲜明,语言简练准确。比较以上两个译文,两种译文各有所长。

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