公钥加密技术12号标准(Public Key Cryptography Standards #12,PKCS#12)为存储和传输用户或服务器私钥、公钥和证书指定了一个可移植的格式。它是一种二进制格式,这些文件也称为PFX文件。
开发人员通常需要将PFX文件转换为某些不同的格式,如PEM或JKS,以便可以为使用SSL通信的独立Java客户端或WebLogic Server使用
在Security编程中,有几种典型的密码交换信息文件格式:
DER-encoded certificate: .cer, .crt
PEM-encoded message: .pem
PKCS#12 Personal Information Exchange: .pfx, .p12
PKCS#10 Certification Request: .p10
PKCS#7 cert request response: .p7r
PKCS#7 binary message: .p7b
.cer/.crt是用于存放证书,它是2进制形式存放的,不含私钥。
.pem跟crt/cer的区别是它以Ascii来表示。
pfx/p12用于存放个人证书/私钥,他通常包含保护密码,2进制方式
p10是证书请求
p7r是CA对证书请求的回复,只用于导入
p7b以树状展示证书链(certificate chain),同时也支持单个证书,不含私钥。
其中,我介绍如何从p12/pfx文件中提取密钥对及其长度:
1,首先,读取pfx/p12文件(需要提供保护密码)
2,通过别名(Alias,注意,所有证书中的信息项都是通过Alias来提取的)提取你想要分析的证书链
3,再将其转换为一个以X509证书结构体
4,提取里面的项,如果那你的证书项放在第一位(单一证书),直接读取 x509Certs[0](见下面的代码)这个X509Certificate对象
5,X509Certificate对象有很多方法,tain198127网友希望读取RSA密钥(公私钥)及其长度(见http://www.matrix.org.cn/thread.shtml?topicId=43786&forumId=55&#reply),那真是太Easy了,
X509Certificate keyPairCert = x509Certs[0];
int iKeySize = X509CertUtil.getCertificateKeyLength(keyPairCert);
System.out.println("证书密钥算法="+keyPairCert.getPublicKey().getAlgorithm());
System.out.println("证书密钥长度="+iKeySize);
提取了他所需要的信息。
package org.dev2dev.client.keypair;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import org.dev2dev.security.keytool.X509CertUtil;
public class LoadKeyFromPKCS12 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// Open an input stream on the keystore file
String pfxFileName = " c:\\david.turing.pfx " ;
String pfxPassword = " 123456 " ;
File fPkcs12 = null ;
if (pfxFileName != null ) {
// Open the file
fPkcs12 = new File(pfxFileName);
}
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fPkcs12);
// Create a keystore object
KeyStore keyStore = null ;
try
{
// Need BC provider for PKCS #12, BKS and UBER
if (Security.getProvider( " BC " ) == null )
{
throw new Exception( " 不能Load入BouncyCastle! " );
}
keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance( " PKCS12 " , " BC " );
}
catch (KeyStoreException ex)
{
throw new Exception( " 不能正确解释pfx文件! " );
}
catch (NoSuchProviderException ex)
{
throw new Exception( " Security Provider配置有误! " );
}
try
{
// Load the file into the keystore
keyStore.load(fis, pfxPassword.toCharArray());
}
catch (CertificateException ex)
{
throw new Exception( " 证书格式问题! " );
}
catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex)
{
throw new Exception( " 算法不支持! " );
}
catch (FileNotFoundException ex)
{
throw new Exception( " pfx文件没找到 " );
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
throw new Exception( " 读取pfx有误! " );
}
// 获取我的证书链的中keyEntry的别名
Certificate[] certs = keyStore.getCertificateChain( " david.turing " );
X509Certificate[] x509Certs = X509CertUtil.convertCertificates(certs);
if (x509Certs == null )
{
return ;
}
x509Certs = X509CertUtil.orderX509CertChain(x509Certs);
X509Certificate keyPairCert = x509Certs[ 0 ];
int iKeySize = X509CertUtil.getCertificateKeyLength(keyPairCert);
System.out.println( " 证书密钥算法= " + keyPairCert.getPublicKey().getAlgorithm());
System.out.println( " 证书密钥长度= " + iKeySize);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}