一.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成：
1.单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成
|
情况 |
构成方式 |
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
|
一般情况 |
加-er或-est |
new long |
newer longer |
newest longest |
|
以e 结尾的词 |
加-r或-st |
fine late |
finer later |
finest latest |
|
以“辅音+y”结尾的词 |
变y为i再加-er 或-est |
early happy |
earlier happier |
earliest happiest |
|
重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母 |
先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est |
hot thin fat |
hotter thinner fatter |
hottest thinnest fattest |
2.多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如：
原级 比较级 最高级
useful -- more useful -- most useful
difficult -- more difficult -- most difficult
delicious -- more delicious -- most delicious
3.有几个形容词、副词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化：
|
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
|
good / well |
better |
best |
|
bad / ill |
worse |
worst |
|
many / much |
more |
most |
|
little |
less |
least |
|
old |
older（新旧或年龄）/elder（兄弟姐妹的长幼关系） |
oldest/ eldest |
|
far |
farther（表示距离，译为“更远”）/ further（表示程度，译为“进一步的”） |
farthest/ furthest |
总结为“两好，两坏，两多，一少，一老，一远” 不规则。
注意： healthy--healthier----healthiest
friendly---friendlier---friendliest
crowded---more crowded---most crowded
二.形容词、副词比较级的用法
1.形容词的比较级可以单独使用：
Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。
Which book is better? 哪本书更好?
2.也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：
a. 名词或代词：
He is older than me / I .
他年龄比我大。
b. 动名词：
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
c. 从句：
I was a better singer than he was.
我唱歌比他好。
句型1：as+形容词原形+as
This jacket is as beautiful as that one.
句型2. not as+形容词原形+as=not so+形容词原形+as
前者不及/不如 后者
This school is not as beautiful as that one.
表达前者不如后者还可以用： less +原级+than
This school is less beautiful than that one。
句型3 ：1)表示“是......的几倍时” ......倍数+as 原级as.......
This garden is ten times as large as that one。
这个花园是那个的九倍大。
倍数的表达：once ; twice ; three times; four times.......
2)表示“比...多几倍” 倍数 + 比较级+than ....
His garden is 9 times larger than that one.
他的花园比那个大九倍。
句型4 ：比较级+than any other+单数名词
“比其他的任何一个...”
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
句型5 ： the +比较级+of the two…(the twins.) “两个中较....” Amy is the shorter of the two girls.
句型6 ：(单音节)比较级 + and + 比较级”
(多音节)“more and more +原级”， 越来越……
better and better
fatter and fatter
more and more beautiful
句型7 ：the 比较级+句子， the 比较级+句子
越……， 越……。
The harder you study, the better grades you will get.
注意：比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：
My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。
三. 形容词、副词比较级的修饰语
修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, any等.
只用于修饰比较级的： much; still; even
在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any来修饰.
He can't jump any higher.
他不能跳得更高了.
Can he jump any higher?
他能跳得更高一些吗?
Do you feel any better today?
你今天感觉好一点了吗?
If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.
如果你能跳得更高些,我就奖励你.
四.最高级的使用
(三者或三者以上) 形容词的最高级要加定冠词the , 副词最高级可省略the,
句型1：the+最高级+ of /in
a. in 表示
“在…内(指某范围内)” 可以跟表示单位,组织,时间等单数名词.
My mother is the busiest in my family
b. of表示属性(指在同类的人,物中)后可接
Jim works hardest of us all. Of the mountains , this is the highest.
句型2 ： One of+the+最高级+名词复数 “最……的……之一”
One of the most important languages is English.
最重要的语言之一是英语。
句型3 the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in短语 “
在……中是第几个……”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
比较级中为了避免重复，常用one/that/those替代名词。 往往指与前面同类而不是同一个的事物。
This pen is shorter than that one.
The weather here is much hotter than that of Shanghai.
The cars made in Tianjin is much more popular than those in Shanghai.
