2017中考英语形容词、副词的比较级和最高级知识点

发布时间:2017-02-24 00:00:00 编辑:少芬 手机版

  一.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成:

  1.单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成

情况

构成方式

原级

比较级

最高级

一般情况

加-er或-est

new

long

newer

longer

newest

longest

以e 结尾的词

加-r或-st

fine

late

finer

later

finest

latest

以“辅音+y”结尾的词

变y为i再加-er 或-est

early

happy

earlier

happier

earliest

happiest

重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母

先双写辅音字母,再加-er或-est

hot

thin

fat

hotter

thinner

fatter

hottest

thinnest

fattest

  2.多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如:

  原级 比较级 最高级

  useful -- more useful -- most useful

  difficult -- more difficult -- most difficult

  delicious -- more delicious -- most delicious

  3.有几个形容词、副词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化:

原级

比较级

最高级

good / well

better

best

bad / ill

worse

worst

many / much

more

most

little

less

least

old

older(新旧或年龄)/elder(兄弟姐妹的长幼关系)

oldest/ eldest

far

farther(表示距离,译为“更远”)/ further(表示程度,译为“进一步的”)

farthest/ furthest

  总结为“两好,两坏,两多,一少,一老,一远” 不规则。

  注意: healthy--healthier----healthiest

  friendly---friendlier---friendliest

  crowded---more crowded---most crowded

  二.形容词、副词比较级的用法

  1.形容词的比较级可以单独使用:

  Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。

  Which book is better? 哪本书更好?

  2.也可以和than连用,表示两者相比,than后可以跟:

  a. 名词或代词:

  He is older than me / I .

  他年龄比我大。

  b. 动名词:

  Skiing is more exciting than skating.

  滑雪比滑冰更刺激。

  c. 从句:

  I was a better singer than he was.

  我唱歌比他好。

  句型1:as+形容词原形+as

  This jacket is as beautiful as that one.

  句型2. not as+形容词原形+as=not so+形容词原形+as

  前者不及/不如 后者

  This school is not as beautiful as that one.

  表达前者不如后者还可以用: less +原级+than

  This school is less beautiful than that one。

  句型3 :1)表示“是......的几倍时” ......倍数+as 原级as.......

  This garden is ten times as large as that one。

  这个花园是那个的九倍大。

  倍数的表达:once ; twice ; three times; four times.......

  2)表示“比...多几倍” 倍数 + 比较级+than ....

  His garden is 9 times larger than that one.

  他的花园比那个大九倍。

  句型4 :比较级+than any other+单数名词

  “比其他的任何一个...”

  He is taller than any other boy in his class.

  句型5 : the +比较级+of the two…(the twins.) “两个中较....” Amy is the shorter of the two girls.

  句型6 :(单音节)比较级 + and + 比较级”

  (多音节)“more and more +原级”, 越来越……

  better and better

  fatter and fatter

  more and more beautiful

  句型7 :the 比较级+句子, the 比较级+句子

  越……, 越……。

  The harder you study, the better grades you will get.

  注意:比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:

  My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。

  三. 形容词、副词比较级的修饰语

  修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, any等.

  只用于修饰比较级的: much; still; even

  在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any来修饰.

  He can't jump any higher.

  他不能跳得更高了.

  Can he jump any higher?

  他能跳得更高一些吗?

  Do you feel any better today?

  你今天感觉好一点了吗?

  If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.

  如果你能跳得更高些,我就奖励你.

  四.最高级的使用

  (三者或三者以上) 形容词的最高级要加定冠词the , 副词最高级可省略the,

  句型1:the+最高级+ of /in

  a. in 表示

  “在…内(指某范围内)” 可以跟表示单位,组织,时间等单数名词.

  My mother is the busiest in my family

  b. of表示属性(指在同类的人,物中)后可接

  Jim works hardest of us all. Of the mountains , this is the highest.

  句型2 : One of+the+最高级+名词复数 “最……的……之一”

  One of the most important languages is English.

  最重要的语言之一是英语。

  句型3 the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in短语 “

  在……中是第几个……”

  The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

  比较级中为了避免重复,常用one/that/those替代名词。 往往指与前面同类而不是同一个的事物。

  This pen is shorter than that one.

  The weather here is much hotter than that of Shanghai.

  The cars made in Tianjin is much more popular than those in Shanghai.

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