女士：是什么事?
M: Well, ever since Sandra left the department, I feel like I’ve been targeted to do all her work as well as mine. I'm expected to attend too many meetings and I seem to be spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paperwork.
男士：啊，自从桑德拉离开我们部门之后，我感觉我就承包了她的工作，一直干两个人的活儿。我需要参加很多会议，而且浪费很多时间在做一些不重要的文书工作上。
W: I'm sorry to hear that.
女士：听你这么说我很遗憾。
M: And, on top of that, I'd specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday as I'd done a lot of overtime during the week. But that afternoon, even though I'd finished my assigned work, I was told to help other colleagues finish their work, too. 男士：而且还有，上周五我明确提出希望早点下班，因为那一周我已经加班很多了。但是我下午完成分配给我的任务之后，他又让我帮助其他同事。
W: But surely that's a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you.
女士：但是这明显表明邦德先生很信任你啊。
M: Yes, but other colleagues get to leave early, and they don't have such a lot of work to do.
男士：是的，但是其他同事都可以早点下班，他们也没有很多工作要做。 W: So you feel he's been making unrealistic demands on you?
女士：那么你是觉得他对你的要求过于高了对吗?
M: Yes, absolutely.
男士：对，是的。
W: Have you approached Mr. Bond about this particular problem?
女士：你就这个问题找过邦德先生吗?
M: I've tried, but it seems like he just has no time for me. 男士：我试过，但是他似乎没有时间理我。
W: Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approached him directly. If nothing else showing that you've tried to solve the problem yourself, before you take it farther, makes it clear that you're not just a complainer. Why don't you send an email requesting a meeting with him in private?
女士：那么，现阶段，还是你直接找他比较好。在采取进一步措施之前，最起码你表现出愿意自己解决问题，这能证明你不是一个只会抱怨的人。你何不给他发一封邮件要求和他私下谈一谈呢?
M: Hmm, I’ve been a bit worried about his reaction. But anyway I'll send him an email to request a meeting, and I'll see what happens from there. Thanks for your advice.
男士：嗯，我一直担心他会是什么反应。无论如何，我会给他发邮件，然后看事态会如何发展。谢谢你的建议。
W: Good luck and let us know the outcome.
女士：祝你好运。有了结果之后请告知我们。
12 What do we learn about the man from the conversation? 根据对话我们对男士有哪些了解?
13 What is the man's chief complaint?
男士抱怨的主要问题是什么?
14 How does the woman interpret the fact that the man was asked to help his colleagues with their work?
女士是如何解读该男士被要求帮助同事完成工作这件事的?
15 What did the woman advise the man to do?
女士建议男士怎么做?
Passage One
The massivedecline in sleep happened so slowly and quietly that few seemed to notice the trend.
人们的睡眠时间在逐渐减少，然而这一发展趋势是如此缓慢、悄然，以至于很少有人察觉。
Was it because of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games and endless TV channels? Never disconnecting from work?
是因为网络、视频游戏和无间断播放的电视节目吸引力太大了吗?还是因为处于工作需要要时刻保持联络方式畅通?
No matter how it happened, millions of Americans are putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in danger. 无论是什么原因，美国人都已经让自己的健康、生活品质甚至寿命面临风险。
New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority.
有新证据证明了充足睡眠的头等重要地位。
Some 40 percent of Americans get less than seven hours of shut-eye on weeknights.
40%的美国人在工作日每天睡眠时间少于7个小时。
"The link between sleep and health, and bad sleep and disease, is becoming clearer and clearer," says Lawrence Epstein, a sleep expert at Harvard University.
哈佛大学睡眠研究专家，劳伦斯·艾普斯坦说，“睡眠与健康之间，以及缺乏睡眠与疾病之间的联系已经日益明显”。
For example, sleep duration has declined from some eight hours in the 1950s to seven in recent years.
比如：近年来人们的睡眠时长已经从20世纪50年代的八小时缩短到七小时。
At the same time, high blood pressure has become an increasing problem.
同时，高血压的发病率在不断升高。
Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at their lowest levels during sleep;
通常，人睡着时血压和心率处于最低水平。
people who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain and other problems.
睡眠少的人可能患上高血压、心脏病、糖尿病;或者出现肥胖等其他问题。
Sleeping better may help fight off illness.
好的睡眠能够抵御疾病。
"When people are sleep-deprived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies, which can decrease immunefunction,"
“人们缺乏睡眠时，体内的压力荷尔蒙水平较高，导致免疫功能降低，” says Dr. Phyllis Zee of Northwestern University in Chicago. 芝加哥西北大学菲利斯·徐说道。
A University of Chicago study shows people who sleep well live longer.
芝加哥大学一项研究表明睡眠质量好的人寿命更长。
So say good night sooner, and it may help you stay active and vital to a ripe old age.
所以，早点睡觉，这样你才能有一个充满活力的晚年。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
请根据你听到的内容回答16-18题。
Question 16. What is the speaker mainly talking about? 问题16：说话者主要讨论了什么问题?
Question 17. What do we learn from the talk about today's Americans?
问题17：根据以上内容我们对如今的美国人有什么了解?
Question 18. What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack sleep?
问题18：说话者认为缺乏睡眠的人会怎样?
Passage two
Parents and teachers will tell you not to worry when applying a place at university.
家长和老师可能会安慰你不用担心大学申请的事情。
But in the same breath will remind you that it is the most important decision of your life.
但是，话音未落他们就会提醒你这是你一生中最重要的一次决定。
The first decision is your choice of course.
你要做的第一个决定当然就是选择。
It will depend on what you want to get out of university, what you are good at and what you enjoy.
这要根据你想从大学学到什么、你擅长什么、喜欢什么而定。 The next decision is where to apply.
下一个决定就是申请哪所学校。
Aim high but within reason.
要有雄心但也要理性。
Do you have the right combination of subjects and are your expected grades likely to meet entry requirements? 你现在所学的科目以及学业成绩与目标学校的要求是否匹配呢? The deadline is January 15th.
报名截止日期是1月15日。
But it is best to submit your application early because universities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in.
但是你提交申请越早越好，因为一旦有学生提交申请，学校就会开始审核工作。
The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement.
申请过程中最重要的一项，也是学生们最畏惧的一项就是个人陈述。 This is your chance to conveyboundlessenthusiasm for the subject.
个人陈述给你提供了一个表达你对所选学科无限热情的机会。 So economy of expression is foremost.
因此，言词精简是重点。
Omit dull and ineffective generalities and make sure you give concrete examples.
避免概括性的无用之词，给出具体的实例。
Admissions officers read every personal statement that arrives.
招生人员会读每一封收到的个人陈述。
It is not convincing if you say you have chosen the subject because you enjoy it.
如果你说你选该学科是出于喜欢，这将很不具说服力。
You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you.
你需要让读者领会到它到底哪方面激发了你的兴趣。
They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject.
他们会在其中寻找证据证明你对所选的科目有过深度的思考。 Applicants should be honest.
申请人需要诚实。
There is no point saying you run marathons, if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor. 如果你连爬两层楼来面试都累得气喘吁吁，那么你说你常跑马拉松就毫无意义了。
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
请根据刚刚听到的内容回答19-21题。
Question 19. What is the first decision you should make in preparing to apply for a place at university?
问题19：申请大学时你需要做的第一个决定是什么?
Question 20. What is the most important part of the application?
问题20：申请流程中最重要的一部分是什么?
Question 21. What must applicants do in their personal statements?
问题21：学生们写个人陈述时必须怎样?
Passage Three
It is usually agreed that a German, Carl Benz, built the first motor car 1885.
人们普遍认为第一辆汽车是由卡尔·奔驰在1885年设计建造的。 It was actually a tricycle with a petrol motor at the rear. 它其实是一辆后面载着汽油发动机的三轮车。
Soon, members of the Royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport.
很快，开这种汽车成为了皇室成员以及其他一些富人的体育运动。 Many of the early cars had 2 seats.
早期的汽车只有两个座位。
There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns. 当时没有加油泵，汽车修理厂也很少，而汽车故障频发，因此司机只能做自己的修理工了。
By 1905, cars began to look like cars of today, with headlamps, windscreen, rubbertyres and number plates.
到1905年，汽车的外形开始朝今天的汽车外形进化，有了车头灯、挡风镜、橡胶轮胎和车牌号。
Henry Ford's "Model T"，introduced in America in 1909, was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line.
1909年引入美国的福特T型车价格相对较低，因为他的车是在生产线上产出的。
It brought cars closer towards the reach of "ordinary people". 这拉近了普通人与汽车之间的距离。
With the popularity of the car, registration became a must in 1903 with the Motor Car Act.
随着车辆的流行，1903年出台的《汽车管理法令》规定购车必须注册。 Competency tests were introduced in 1935.
1935年驾驶能力测试也被引入该法令。
Today, the legal driving age for a car in the UK is seventeen. 英国现在的最低合法驾车年龄是17岁。
You are not allowed to drive a car unsupervised until you have passed a driving test.
在通过驾驶能力测试之前不能开车，除非在有人监督的情况下。 In 1958, Britain celebrated the opening of its first
motorway—the Preston bypass.
英国1985年庆祝了其第一条高速公路的开通，也就是如今的普雷斯顿路段。
Until then, no one really understood what a motorway was, not even the labourers who were building it.
当时，没有人知道高速公路是什么，包括建造这段公路的工人们。 The bypass hailed a new era in motor travel and was greeted with excitement and optimism.
普勒斯顿高速路开启了汽车旅行的新时代，人们对它的开通充满了激动之情和乐观的憧憬。
Service stations came with the motorway and the legend of the transport cafe was born.
服务站随之而来，货运餐馆的传奇就这样诞生了。
Of course, the service station has diversified greatly. 当然，服务站各有不同。
But whether it's an English cooked breakfast or a coffee and sandwich, one thing has remained the same: the prices.
但无论是英式早餐还是咖啡三明治，有一样东西是一样的，那就是价格。 Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
请根据刚刚听到的内容回答22-25题。
Question 22. What does the speaker say about the first motor car?
问题22：关于第一辆汽车说话者介绍了什么?
Question 23. What was the problem with the early cars in Britain?
问题23：英国早期的汽车有什么问题?
Question 24. Why did Henry Ford's "Model T" cars cost less? 问题24：福特T型车为什么价格相对较低?
Question 25. What do we learn about the Preston bypass? 问题25：关于普勒斯顿高速路我们知道了什么?
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