【名师点睛】
故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略;有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。 解题技巧： 1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。例如第11题，考查写作意图。作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day，并推荐人们参加有关的活动。 2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。 3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词;如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。
D
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
12 .What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?
A. News reports. B. Research papers.
C.Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations.
13.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?
A. They’re socially inactive.
B. They’re good at telling stories.
C. They’re inconsiderate of others.
D. They’re careful with their words.
14.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?
A . Sports new. B. Science articles.
C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.
15 .What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B .Online News Attracts More People
C. Reading Habits Change with the Times
D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
【答案】
12.A
13.C
14.B
15.D
13.C推理判断题。根据“you care a lot more how they react”可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应，根据“You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不想被当作一个“Debbie Downer”，说明指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”，故选C。
14.B细节理解题。根据第三段“articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选B。
15.D选择最佳标题。根据第一段“By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远;说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。
考点：风俗文化类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考察的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。 选择“主题”旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有： 1. What is the main / general idea of this text? 2. What is mainly discussed in this passage? 3. What is the text mainly about? 4. This text mainly tells us ________. 5. This passage mainly deals with _________. 6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________. 选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有： 1. What would be the best title for the text? 2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text? 3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________. 4. The topic of this passage is _________. 不管是选择“主题”还是选择“标题”，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线;不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First, lean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it. B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it. D. It just requires a little knowledge. E. The fish will go bad within hours. F. When buying fish, you should first smell it. G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
【答案】
16.G
17.D
18.F
19.A
20.B
17.D考查上下文串联。题目前一句“Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.”可知，购买，存放和烧鱼并非难事，再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D项“这仅仅需要一点知识”符合语境，此题容易与C项混淆，C项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即C项与后一句重复，故选D。
18.F考查上下文串联。根据“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选F。
19.A考查上下文串联。根据前一句“Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.”可知，带有强烈的味道的鱼都不是新鲜的，不应该买这样的鱼，A项与后句联系紧密，故选A。
20.B考查上下文串联。根据“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot”可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方法，故选B。
考点：生活类短文阅读
【名师点睛】
高考七选五解题方法
1.通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。
2.分析句型，了解语法构成
3.当我们了解了文章大意后，要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子。这一点十分重要，它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围，比如，有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号，后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分，很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子，这时便可以在七个选项中找到是半个句子的选项，从而缩小选择范围。
4.明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。例如第16空，第19空和第20空都与它们的前一句有联系。
5.带入通读，复查
做完题目切忌直接离开，这是我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这是如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做"连错"，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。
第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题15分，满分30分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant 21 Miller King,who was the best 22 at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for 23.
Just before September,Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him after he came back from 24 .He looked very 25 ,but he didn’t cry.
That season,I 26 all of Miller`srecords while he 27 the home games from the bench.We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, 28 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 29 .
One afternoon,I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 30 going over a fence—which wasn’t 31 to climb if you had both arms.I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 32 from.But even that challenge he accepted.I 33 him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally 34 on the other side,he said to me,"You know,I didn’t tell you this during the season,but you did 35 .Thank you for filling in for 36 ."
His words freed me from my bad 37.I thought to myself,how even without an arm he was more of a leader.Damaged but not defeated,he was 38 ahead of me. I was right to have 39 him.From that day on，I grew 40 and a little more real.
21.A. heering for B.beating out C. relying on D.staying with
22.A.coach B.student C. teacher D.player
23.A.practice B. show C. comfort D.pleasure
24.A.school B. vacation C. hospital D.training
25.A. pale B. calm C. relaxed D.ashamed
26.A. held B. broke C. set D.tried
27.A.reported B.judged C. organized D.watched
28.A.and B. then C. but D.thus
29.A. decision B. mistake C.accident D.sacrifice
30.A.stuck B. hurt C. tried D.lost
31.A. steady B. hard C. fun D.fit
32.A.praise B. advice C. assistance D.apology
33.A.let B. helped C. had D.noticed
34.A. dropped B. ready C. trapped D.safe
35.A.fine B.wrong C. quickly D.normally
36.A. us B. yourself C. me D.them
37.A.memories B. ideas C. attitudes D.dreams
38.A.still B. also C. yet D.just
39.A. challenged B.cured C. invited D.admired
40.A.healthier B. bigger C. cleverer D.cooler
【答案】
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D
35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. D 40. B
22.D考查名词辨析。A.coach教练;B. student学生;C. teacher教师;D. player选手，球员。who was the best 22 at our school.全校最好的球员是Miller King，故选D。
23.A考查名词辨析。A.practice练习;B. show演出，表现，节目;C. comfort安慰;D. pleasure乐趣。作者随身带着足球是为了练习，故选A。
24.C考查名词辨析。A.school学校;B. vacation假期;C. hospital医院;D. training训练。Miller意外受伤，失去了右臂，作者在他出院后去看他，故选C。
25.A考查形容词辨析。A. pale苍白的;B. calm平静的;C. relaxed放松点;D. ashamed羞耻的，惭愧的。根据“but he didn’t cry”可知，Miller的情况不太乐观，故选A。
26.B考查动词辨析。A. held握住;B. broke打破;C. set创立，开创;D. tried尝试。根据“records记录”可知，作者破了Miller的纪录，故选B。
